Chapter 2: Adjectives, subject pronouns, present tense, and ser and estar

to tell time

daylight saving time

to be time to

it is about time

on time

at the same time

with time to spare

in no time

at the same time

at times, sometimes

from time to time

most of the time

often

again

time after time, over and over again

Spanish adjectives agree in number and gender

Ajectives can use the following endings

• -o (masculine singular)
• -a Feminine singular
• -os masculine plural
• -as feminine plural
• and s to adjectives ending is e
• add es to adjectives ending in es

bueno and malo can come before a noun. before masculine singular words shorten to mal and buen.

There are eight subject pronous:

• yo - I
• tu - you
• usted - you (formal)
• el, ella - he, she
• nosotros/nosotras - we
• vosotros/vosotras - you
• ustedes - you
• ellos/ellas - they

tu and vosotros are second person versions of you. usted and ustedes are third person verisons of you. Vosotros is used in spain to address family.

When a first person pronoun, such as ella, is used as a compound subject, such as ella y yo, use the nosotros form of the verb

When the subject is made up of the second and third person pronouns, use the vosotros form in spain and ustedes form in latin america

Regular forms of verbs ending in -ar

• -o (yo)
• -as(tu)
• -a (ella, el, usted)
• -amos (nosotros)
• -ais (vosotros,you)
• -an (ellos, ellas, ustedes, they, you)

Present Tense -er verbs have the following form:

• -o (yo)
• -es (tu)
• -e (el, ella, usted)
• -emos (nosotros)
• -eis(vosotros)
• -en (ellas, ellos, ustedes)

Present Tense -ir verbs have the following forms:

• -o (yo)
• -es (tu)
• -e (el, ella, usted)
• -imos (nosotros)
• -is (vosotros)
• -en (ellos, ellas, ustedes)

comenzar, volver, servir, sentir, dormir are radical changing verbs.

Ser Present Tense

• soy (yo)
• eres (tu)
• es (el, ella, usted)
• somos (nosotros)
• sois (vosotros)
• son (ellas, ellos, ustedes)

Estar

• estoy (yo)
• estas (tu)
• esta (el, ella, usted)
• estamos (nosotros)
• estais (vosotros)
• estan (ellas, ellos, ustedes

Ser is used with predicat nouns and words with professions, poltics, religions, and nationalities. De is used with nationalities.

Es is used with the time 1:00, midnight, and noon. son is used for other hours.

Ser is used to describe qualities of a noun, such as size, shape

Ser can be used to say (to take place) and impersonal expressions such as 'it's late'

Esta is used for location, temporary/inherent qualities, with muetro, and to form progressive tense.